These species display strong anthropophilic host-seeking behaviour and longevity, causing large numbers of malaria cases. gambiae sensu stricto ( s.s.) for the S form. gambiae complex and named Anopheles coluzzii for the M form and An. Recently, they have been identified as distinct species belonging to the An. In West Africa, two molecular forms have been identified in An. l.), Anopheles funestus group and Anopheles nili group. The Plasmodium species responsible for human malaria are mainly transmitted by primary vector species, such as Anopheles gambiae sensu lato ( s. Of these, Plasmodium falciparum remains the most prevalent and most virulent species causing the deadly forms of malaria. Currently, five species of the Plasmodium parasites have been identified as being responsible for malaria infection in humans. Malaria transmission in Africa is very heterogeneous due to eco-climatic variations across the continent. According to the world malaria report, the entire Ivorian population is at risk of malaria, with the most vulnerable being children under 5 years of age and pregnant women. It is responsible for up to 43% of morbidity, 11.8% of mortality, 40% of school absenteeism, 50% of loss of agricultural income and 62% of hospitalizations. In Côte d’Ivoire, malaria is still a major public health challenge and the leading reason for consultations in health services. In 2019, the overall number of cases increased from 228 to 229 million of malaria cases with 409,000 deaths. In 2018, malaria has caused over 228 million cases and 405,000 deaths worldwide, of which 93% has occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria remains the deadliest tropical infectious disease, with higher incidences in Africa. This study provides important information that can be used to guide Côte d’Ivoire National Malaria Control Programme for vector control decision-making, mainly in districts that are at the country borders. were found to be highly infected with Plasmodium in the health districts of Bloléquin and Odienné where higher malaria incidence was observed than the other districts. ConclusionĪnopheles vector species diversity, abundance and Plasmodium sporozoite infection were high within the health districts along the borders of the country of Côte d’Ivoire, resulting in high malaria transmission among the local populations. nili specimens in the four health districts. falciparum sporozoite was detected in An. falciparum sporozoite infection in Ouangolodougou and Aboisso. funestus s.l., Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection rate was estimated at 6.2% (n = 32) in Bloléquin, 8.7% (n = 23) in Odienné. The Plasmodium sporozoite infection rate in An. gambiae sensu stricto ( s.s.) was the major species in Odienné (96.0%) and Ouangolodougou (94.2%). gambiae s.l., Anopheles coluzzii represented the predominant species in Aboisso (89.2%) and Bloléquin (92.2%), while An. (94.8–99.1%) as the main vector, followed by An. Seven Anopheles species were recorded including An. ResultsĪ total of 281 female Anopheles were collected in Aboisso, 754 in Bloléquin, 1319 in Odienné and 2443 in Ouangolodougou. and Anopheles nili specimens were analysed for malaria Plasmodium parasite detection using the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COX-I), and malaria prevalence among human population through local Ministry of Health (MoH) statistical yearbooks. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), Anopheles funestus s.l. gambiae complex were separated using short interspersed nuclear element-based polymerase chain reaction (SINE-PCR). The collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically at species level and the members of the An. Methodsįrom July 2016 through December 2016 and July 2017 through December 2017, adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in four health districts of Côte d’Ivoire (Aboisso, Bloléquin, Odienné and Ouangolodougou) using standardized window exit trap (WET) and pyrethrum knockdown spray collection (PSC) methods. To address this gap, the Anopheles mosquito species diversity, the members of the Anopheles gambiae complex and the transmission of malaria were assessed in four health districts along the borders of Côte d’Ivoire. Although malaria and Anopheles mosquito vectors are highly prevalent in Côte d’Ivoire, limited data are available to help understand the malaria vector density and transmission dynamics in areas bordering the country.
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